The significance of the phrase memphomenos gar autous legei in Hebrews 8:8: An exegetical study

Abstract

The Epistle to the Hebrews mentions two covenants—the old and the new. There are divergent interpretations resulting from a variant translation of the phrase μεμφόμενος γὰρ αὐτοὺς λέγει in Hebrews 8:8, due to the variant usage of the pronoun αὐτοὺς. Scholars have taken divergent positions concerning the referent of the pronoun αὐτος and the fault in the covenant. Some suggest the fault to be with the covenant while others argue it is with the people, and to others it is with both the people and the covenant. This leaves the relationship between the two covenants not well-defined. This research discusses the context and usage of the pronoun αὐτοὺς through an exegetical analysis to determine the most plausible interpretation of the text to help clarify the relationship between the two covenants. The research provides a background study of the theological problem and surveys the literature of previous scholars and modern commentators on the subject. This follows an exegetical study involving a historical, textual and lexical analysis considering significant words and phrases to determine the context. The discussion ends with a theological analysis which discusses the relationship between the two covenants. According to this research, the word new in the text refers to a renewed old covenant. The pronoun αὐτοὺς is referring to people, and the expression “finding fault with them” implies that the fault of the old covenant was with the people. The two covenants—new and old—are one continuous covenant, with the Christian church being a continuation of biblical Israel. The significant difference between the two is the blood of sacrifice; with the old established on the blood of animal sacrifice and the new on the blood of Christ. What is essentially new and better in the New Covenant is the more effective blood of Christ which provides for the permanent forgiveness of sins.