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Reference Services used by Undergraduates at a Private University Library, Ogun State, Nigeria
(Pan-African Journal of Education and Social Sciences (PAJES), 2026) Odhiambo, Elizabeth Atieno; Ikonne, Chinyere Nkechi
Satisfaction with university library information resources makes undergraduate users loyal to the library. Negative experiences in the university library leads to dissatisfaction and low usage of information resources. Few studies have been conducted on the influence of reference services on the satisfaction of undergraduates using information resources. There is also a lack of current literature on the satisfaction of undergraduates with using information resources at a private university library in Ogun State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of reference service use on the satisfaction of undergraduates in using information resources at a private university library in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study employed a survey research design. The sample size for this study was 387 undergraduates from a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria. Findings revealed that reference service use had a significant influence on undergraduates’ satisfaction with information resource use (R² = 0.310, t (311) = 11.807, b = 0.557, p < 0.05. The study recommends that private university libraries strengthen the capacity of reference librarians to enhance interaction and assistance between the undergraduates and reference librarians.
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The Danger of the Confluence of Democracy and Christianity
(International journal of research and innovation in social science (IJRISS), 2025-10) Augustin Tchamba
Christianity and democracy are two of the most significant forces shaping human civilization. Yet, their convergence can also generate profound dangers, potentially eroding state secularism and undermining the principle of equal rights. This article examines the complex interaction between these two traditions, arguing that the contemporary fusion of Christianity and democratic politics—what I call the new fusionism—risks producing exclusion and polarization rather than harmony. Historically intertwined, this relationship has evolved into a deeper entanglement, leading to greater interference of religious norms in public life and the marginalization of minority groups within democratic processes. Furthermore, the political manipulation of Christian ideas—such as invoking religious rhetoric to justify discriminatory policies or mobilize sectarian constituencies—intensifies social divisions and weakens democratic institutions. Drawing on critical analysis and case studies, this paper contends that, while cooperation between Christianity and democracy can enrich public life, it also carries the potential for intolerance and radicalization. Ultimately, the argument calls for a renewed commitment to a secular and inclusive civic sphere, where democracy safeguards the dignity and representation of all people without privileging any faith.
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Discerning Truth in a Digital World: Critical Thinking, Faith, and Fact-Checking
(International journal of research and innovation in social science (IJRISS), 2025-09) Augustin Tchamba
In an age where communication is virtual, truth has become a problem. The internet has changed how production, dissemination, and access to information happen so that more individuals can speak than ever before.1 However, this democratization of information has brought significant challenges. The volume of information and the speed with which disinformation and misinformation travel have made it difficult to distinguish facts from fiction. Social media sites, news websites, and narratives are crafted to confuse the line between realities, allowing manipulation. Citizens, therefore, struggle to recognize credible sources, which fosters additional public distrust and disillusionment in the public sphere. During the pandemic, various false claims circulated, including that drinking bleach could cure or prevent COVID-19 or that vaccines contained microchips for tracking. These statements not only misled the public but also posed significant health risks. Critics argue that critical thinking is often not as objective as it seems. Individual biases and personal experiences can color one's interpretation of information. To navigate this more complex world, there is a need to adopt a framework that integrates critical thinking, fact-checking, and religious ethical guidelines. Critical thinking enables one to deal with information non biasedly, identify biases, and achieve credibility.2 Fact-checking is a system of avoiding misinformation through verifiable proof from reliable sources. Schools and universities can redesign curricula to include modules on critical thinking, media literacy, and ethics as core subjects. This would teach students how to analyze sources, evaluate arguments, and identify biases. To several individuals, faith remains a source of ethical guidelines governing ethical decision-making where the unknown dominates.3 In the current paper, we argued that the convergence of the three gives a holistic solution to the pursuit of truth in the digital age. Due to their role in facilitating reflexive consumption, responsibility, and ethical thinking, individuals and collectives are better positioned to guide the machinations of modern information systems. In today's digital landscape, where misinformation abounds and the lines between fact and fiction blur, it is imperative that we take proactive steps to safeguard the truth. Integrating critical thinking, fact-checking, and ethical guidelines is not just a theoretical framework but a necessary practice in our daily lives.
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Significance of Theological Sources in the Homosexuality Debate
(Pan-African Journal of Theology, 2025-03) Mwita, Alexander; Augustin Tchamba
This paper investigates the ongoing debate over homosexuality within contemporary Christianity, a subject that evokes significant division across various denominations and traditions. Despite the assumption that scriptural authority would lead to unified moral conclusions, the reality is far more complex. Differing interpretations and the prioritization of theological sources have resulted in a rich spectrum of ethical stances. The study employs descriptive, critical analysis, and evaluative approaches, in addition to the Wesleyan Quadrilateral, comprising Scripture, Tradition, Reason, and Experience as a framework to examine how these sources influence theological reflection on homosexuality. Central to this inquiry are the questions of which sources are deemed primary in ethical reasoning, the core arguments supporting both the affirmation and the condemnation of homosexual relationships, and the interpretive principles that undergird these arguments. Notably, some denominations, such as the United Methodist Church and the Episcopal Church, have embraced and formalized same-sex relationships, reflecting a shift encompassing broader cultural changes and interpretations of Scripture. Conversely, other theologians and denominations maintain a traditional stance, asserting that homosexuality remains incompatible with biblical teachings. The analysis reveals that differing emphases on theological sources contribute significantly to the unresolved debates within Christian ethics. For instance, while some traditions elevate Scripture as the sole authoritative source, others incorporate cultural experience and historical context into their ethical frameworks, leading to divergent moral conclusions. This paper ultimately argues that the complexity of the homosexuality debate in Christianity stems not merely from isolated Scripture interpretations but from a deeper and profound engagement with theological methods. By shedding light on the foundational reasons behind these differences, this study aims to enrich the discourse surrounding homosexuality in Christian ethics and encourage thoughtful engagement among diverse theological perspectives.
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Ethical Challenges of Integrating Digital Technology into Church Leadership and Discipleship
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2025) Augustin Tchamba
Integrating digital technology into church life presents significant opportunities to enhance ministry, foster community engagement, and enrich worship experiences. In an age where technology is intertwined with daily activities, churches can leverage digital tools to reach wider audiences, disseminate teachings effectively, and provide means for congregation interaction that transcend geographical boundaries, fostering a sense of community and connectedness. However, the rapid adoption of technology also raises ethical concerns and potential threats that could undermine trust, doctrinal integrity, and community commitment. This paper is dedicated to exploring the ethical implications of technology within church contexts, offering a comprehensive analytical and reflective review of existing literature, including notable books and articles that discuss technology's evolving role in religious settings. Understanding and addressing these ethical implications is crucial to ensuring technology's responsible and beneficial use in church life. A pressing issue is inadequate data protection, which challenges foundational faith and communal trust principles. As churches gather and store personal information from attendees, the risks of data breaches and unauthorized use become more pronounced, jeopardizing congregational trust and inviting potential legal liabilities. The challenge for churches lies in balancing the benefits of technology with the ethical responsibility of protecting congregants' personal information. To navigate this landscape effectively, churches must develop clear frameworks outlining data collection, usage, and retention policies. This study concludes that implementing these policies will reassure congregants regarding the security of their digital interactions and ensure that churches can become safe havens in the digital realm, enhancing spiritual growth, and nurturing a culture of trust essential in today's evolving landscape. It will further uphold the church’s integrity and ensure congregants feel secured and valued. The Saddleback Church in California, led by Rick Warren, has effectively integrated technology by offering an online campus for live-streamed services, allowing greater engagement regardless of physical location