Master of Arts in Biblical and Theological studies

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://192.168.0.29/handle/123456789/133

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Exploring the covenantal promise of priesthood in Exodus 19:6: a comparative study of the Sinai and pre-Sinai priesthoods
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-05) Nkanyiso Moyo
This thesis explores the covenantal promise of priesthood in Exodus 19:6 by conducting a comparative analysis of the Sinai and Pre-Sinai priesthoods. Central to this study is the examination of the term מַמְלֶֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲ נִ֖ים , focusing on identifying its most accurate translation through a critical review of relevant literature. The resulting understanding of priesthood is then compared with the Pre-Sinai, Aaronic, and Levitical priesthoods using key criteria designed to support a thorough comparison. These criteria include: the basis of priesthood, roles and functions, access to the divine presence, the relationship between covenant and priesthood, and the connection between leadership authority and priesthood. This study concludes that מַמְלֶֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲ נִ֖ים functions as an attributive genitive and is best translated as “priestly kingdom,” indicating a corporate, metaphorical priesthood. This interpretation aligns with the immediate and broader context of the passage, which supports the view that the promised priesthood encompasses the entire nation. Moreover, the wider biblical narrative suggests that this national priesthood was intended to coexist with the Aaronic priesthood, which was instituted prior to the golden calf incident and should not be viewed merely as a response to Israel’s rebellion. The comparative analysis reveals that the promised priesthood in Exodus 19:6 reflects continuity and discontinuity with earlier forms of priesthood. Continuity is seen in the themes of divine appointment, covenant connection, the concept of בְכוֹר , and the shared priestly function of godly influence. Discontinuity arises in access to God’s presence, specific roles and duties, and the separation of priesthood from leadership authority. Thus while Israel’s corporate priesthood builds upon previous models, it also marks a distinct development in the biblical narrative by highlighting the nation’s collective role in God’s redemptive plan. A comparison of the promised priesthood and the Aaronic priesthood determines that while the promised priesthood was metaphoric the Aaronic priesthood was primarily cultic in nature. Thus the study concludes that the Sinai priesthood is the institutionalization of the pre-Sinai priesthood. The theological implications of this study highlight God's consistent approach to engaging with fallen humanity through the institution of priesthood, which provides a pathway to redemption. The priestly ministry serves a dual purpose: its cultic function maintains the covenant relationship between God and His people, while its metaphorical function invites the unconverted into a relationship with God.
A theology of diverse ability within the great controversy motif and its implications for church practice
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-05) Musagwiza, Michael
This thesis undertakes an in-depth exploration of the intersectionality of diverse ability theology and the Great Controversy motif, a theological framework emphasizing the cosmic struggle between good and evil. By critically analysing relevant theological literature and ecclesiastical practices, this research investigates how the Great Controversy motif influences church responses to individuals with diverse abilities. The study's key argument is that a theology of diverse ability informed by the Great Controversy motif can have profoundly positive implications for church practice. Specifically, it can promote inclusive and empowering practices that challenge stigmatizing narratives surrounding diverse ability. By reframing diverse ability within the Great Controversy narrative, churches can foster a more compassionate and accessible community. The research's findings underscore the imperative for churches to re-examine their theologies and practices regarding diverse ability. By promoting a more nuanced understanding of diverse ability and its implications for Christian community and witness, churches can better embody the values of inclusivity, compassion, and love. This thesis contributes to the growing body of literature on diverse ability theology and its practical applications in ecclesiastical settings. Its insights and recommendations have the potential to inform and transform church practices, ultimately enriching the lives of individuals with diverse abilities and the broader church community.
Victor Tasho Houteff’s understanding of tithing obligations: an analysis of its impact on the unity and mission of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-04) Makiwa, Claudious
The Seventh-day Adventist Church acknowledges the significance of a correct biblical understanding of tithing in promoting unity and advancing its mission. However, the views of Victor Houteff, a former member of the church who later founded the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist movement, have sparked controversy and division. Houteff’s initial rejection of tithing as a ceremonial Mosaic law practice was later replaced with a modified acceptance, but with a crucial caveat: he believed that tithes should be funneled to his own organization rather than the official church administrative offices. This departure from both biblical principles and mainstream Adventist theology has had profound consequences, leading to disunity, and hindering the church’s mission efforts. This research explores the impact of Houteff’s unconventional views on tithing, uncovering the inconsistencies in his teachings and the negative effects on the church. By carefully analyzing primary sources and historical accounts, this study highlights the importance of a correct understanding of tithing in promoting unity and advancing the church’s mission. To address the issues stemming from Houteff’s teachings, the study proposes a multi-faceted approach, including enhanced training and education, regular strategy evaluation, a strengthened review process, and a comprehensive teaching approach that emphasizes clear biblical support for the denominational “storehouse” and global mission.
An exegetical analysis of the imperatival use of the phrase “Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν” in Revelation 14:7 and its background use in selected Old Testament texts
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-04) Madzorera, Edward
This thesis is an exegetical analysis of the imperatival use of the phrase Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν (fear God) in Rev 14:7 and its background use in selected OT texts. There is a lack of consensus among scholars on the meaning of the imperative Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν in Rev 14:7. One group of scholars interprets the imperative denotatively while the other understands it connotatively. This polarization is due to a lack of an exegetically derived meaning that has the OT as its basis. This research therefore sought to establish the exegetical meaning of the imperative Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν in Rev 14:7 based on its use in the OT. First, the research carried out a comparative analysis of related literature, followed by an exegesis of the text in question and five selected OT texts were analysed last. The theological implications of Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν as well as a summary of the findings were outlined in the third and fourth chapters respectively. Five OT texts, morphologically or syntactically, in the imperatival יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְה וָ֛ה (fear God) were selected and these were Lev 19:14, Deut 6:13, Josh 24:14, 2 Kings 17:39 and Eccl 12:13. While some scholars understand the imperative Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν as referring to being afraid of God, all the five selected texts revealed otherwise. Exegesis of “ יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְה וָ֛ה ” in Lev 19:14 showed that by commanding Israel to fear Him, God meant the people of Israel were supposed to treat the weak and vulnerable among them with love and kindness. In Deut 6:13 and Josh 24:14 the same imperative is used to mean the people of God must shun syncretism, while in 2 Kings 17:39 and Eccl 12:13 the same imperative means the people of God must keep His commandments and shun worship of other gods. The thesis revealed that the book of Revelation can only be understood if related OT background is considered. Basing on the meaning of “fear God” derived from the selected texts, the research revealed that the imperative Φοβήθητε τὸν θεὸν should be understood connotatively. It is a command to humankind to shun syncretism, love people, keep God’s commandments and worship or sacrifice to Him alone.
Analyzing the role of rhetorical questions in the lament Psalms with particular focus on Psalms 42, 44, 88, and 94
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-04) Mpofu, Sindiso
This thesis investigated the role of rhetorical questions in selected Lament Psalms (Psalms 42, 44, 88, and 94), aiming to reveal their significance as literary devices that enhance interpretation and understanding. The study addressed a notable gap in the existing literature, emphasizing that while rhetorical questions have been acknowledged in the context of Old Testament scripture, their specific function within Lament Psalms has not yet been thoroughly examined. Building on previous scholarship, this research explored how rhetorical questions express pain, longing, and theological reflection themes. Key questions guiding this research included: How do rhetorical questions function within these Psalms? What literary and theological themes are intertwined with their use? This study also analyzes the relationship between rhetorical questions and other literary devices, such as parallelism, imagery, and metaphor. This research aspired to deepen our understanding of the lament genre in the Psalms by emphasizing the implications of rhetorical questions on broader theological themes. Utilizing exegetical methods, the study provided a comprehensive analysis of the stylistic and thematic components, ultimately contributing to the theological discourse surrounding the emotional and spiritual dynamics present in the Psalms of lament. The anticipated findings enrich biblical interpretation and foster deeper engagement with the text in both personal and communal settings.
A biblical-theological critique of Martin Luther’s view on rebaptism
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-05) Lagat, Elicky Kiplimo
This study offers a biblical-theological critique of Martin Luther’s position on rebaptism, with particular attention to his rejection of the practice in cases involving individuals baptized as infants, as believers, or after falling into apostasy. Through a careful examination of key biblical texts—especially Acts 19—it is argued that rebaptism should not be construed as a repudiation of the initial baptism, but rather as an expression of spiritual renewal, genuine repentance, and an enriched understanding of divine truth. The findings suggest that, although Luther’s emphasis on the singular nature of baptism rightly underscores its sacramental significance, his dismissal of rebaptism fails to account for the transformative power of faith and the ongoing process of repentance. The biblical and theological insights emerging from this study affirm that rebaptism can be a personal and meaningful act of recommitment to God. Ultimately, the study concludes that rebaptism is both biblically and theologically defensible, serving as a public declaration of renewed faith and deeper spiritual conviction.
An Adventist response to Elizabeth Mburu’s African hermeneutical principles
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-05) Mapa, Collen
This thesis investigated a Seventh-day Adventist perspective on Elizabeth Mburu’s principles of African Hermeneutics, as presented in her model of African Biblical Hermeneutics (ABH). Mburu advocates for grounding biblical interpretation within the African cultural context, employing a four-legged stool analogy that balances the biblical text, the African situation, theological contemplation, and community application. While acknowledging the significance of interpretation that is sensitive to context, this study evaluates Mburu’s methodology through the lens of Seventh-day Adventist beliefs, the generally understood approach to Adventist hermeneutics particularly focusing on the role of Scripture as the ultimate authority and the Adventist comprehension of mission. The research performed a comparative theological examination, utilizing both primary and secondary sources to discern areas of agreement, conflict, and possibly a workable approach towards bible interpretation. The findings indicate that, although Mburu’s model provides valuable perspectives for enhancing biblical interpretation in African settings, an Adventist response necessitates a more precise protection of sola scriptura and a historical grammatical viewpoint. The thesis advocates for a hermeneutic that can be practiced by an African yet distinctly Adventist, with the aim of empowering the church in Africa to uphold biblical truth while engaging meaningfully with its cultural circumstances.
The baptism of the Holy Spirit: A comparative analysis of Anthony D. Palma's Pentecostal approach and Ellen G. White's interpretation
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-05) Chisala Chrispine
This study addresses the lack of a systematic comparative theological analysis between Pentecostal and Seventh-day Adventist perspectives on the baptism of the Holy Spirit, specifically through the writings of Anthony Palma and Ellen G. White. The study employed a comparative analysis methodology to examine and contrast the theological perspectives of Anthony Palma and Ellen G. White on the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Utilizing an interpretive approach to the writings of Palma and White, the research focused on four key areas: presuppositions, subsequence and separability of Spirit baptism with respect to conversion, the initial physical evidence of Spirit baptism, and the results of Spirit baptism. The study systematically analyzed each author's position across the four categories, then synthesized the findings to uncover deeper theological patterns and relationships that influenced their positions. The comparative analysis revealed both convergences and divergences in their theological perspectives on the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Despite denominational differences, both uphold the authority of Scripture as foundational, reflecting a shared Protestant commitment to sola scriptura. However, their distinct hermeneutical methods—Palma’s narrative-theological focus versus White’s systematic synthesis—lead to differing conclusions. Palma distinguishes Spirit baptism from conversion and identifies speaking in tongues as normative initial evidence, aligning with classical Pentecostalism’s emphasis on charismatic gifts. In contrast, White emphasizes the fruit of the Spirit as the true evidence of the baptism of the Spirit. She further identifies this fruit as the character of Jesus Christ which everyone who has been baptized in the Spirit must exemplify. Both theologians view Spirit baptism as transformative and empowering, but Palma prioritizes external manifestations for mission, while White highlights internal sanctification and reflection of the character of Jesus. These differences illustrate broader tensions between charismatic expression and moral formation within Christian pneumatology, shaped by differing interpretive frameworks. This study contributes to contemporary theological discourse by illuminating both shared foundations and critical differences in Pentecostal and Adventist understandings of Spirit baptism. It highlights the potential for constructive dialogue between these traditions, rooted in a mutual commitment to the authority of Scripture. The research challenges assumptions that Adventists neglect the doctrine of Spirit baptism, revealing instead a rich, though terminologically distinct, pneumatological framework. It also underscores a shared belief in the transformative evidence of the Spirit’s presence—whether expressed through charismatic gifts or moral character. Finally, the study demonstrates how hermeneutical method profoundly shapes doctrinal outcomes, reinforcing the importance of methodological clarity in interdenominational and academic theological engagement.
Impact of Wisdom Psalms 1, 73, 90, and 107 on worship: An exegetical-theological study
(Adventist University of Africa, 2025-04) Chihimba, Victor Geofrey
Most scholars recognize the complexity and value of studying Wisdom Psalms, yet their connection to worship remains underexplored. While the identification of Wisdom Psalms is well-established, their specific content and message related to worship require further examination. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing how the psalmists use wisdom language and imagery in Psalms 1, 73, 90, and 107 to enhance worship and deepen devotion to God, offering valuable insights for contemporary believers. This study does not attempt to redefine the identification of Wisdom Psalms but focuses on understanding the wisdom-worship relationship within the selected Wisdom Psalms. Utilizing an exegetical approach under the historical-grammatical method, the study researches into the poetic language of the Wisdom Psalms 1, 73, 90, and 107 to extract their meaning and relevance for contemporary believers, providing valuable insights for preachers, teachers, and translators in communicating these messages of wisdom. These Wisdom Psalms indicate that true worship goes beyond rituals; it is a lifestyle rooted in wisdom and a deep relationship with God. They teach that worship involves meditating on God's word, trusting in His justice, acknowledging our dependence on Him, and living humbly in pursuit of wisdom. Ultimately, worship is a continuous process of aligning our lives with God's will, shaped by the wisdom we gain through our relationship with Him.
Female Hebrew slavery in the Covenant Code
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-03) Yangman Avom Armand Arnaud
The Covenant code, delivered to the Israelites post their liberation from Egypt, encompasses legal directives addressing societal, moral, and religious facets. Exodus 21:10 mandates protection for female marriage servants with food, clothing, and ambiguous "marital rights." Scholarly debate centers on the term hn"[o, traditionally interpreted as sexual intercourse. This thesis challenges this view, proposing "shelter" as an alternative, informed by Ancient Egyptian customs. Through syntactical and historical analysis, it delves into Exodus 21:7-11's context, emphasizing the Egyptian slavery backdrop. This sheds light on hn"[o‘s original intent. The Covenant Code's broader theological implications, advocating for justice and dignity, are examined. This research offers a nuanced understanding of biblical law's socio-cultural context, enhancing comprehension of marital and servitude dynamics in ancient Israel.
An Exegetical and Intertextual Analysis of “Desire” and “Rule” in Genesis 3:16
(Adventist University of Africa, 2016-08) Iorkyaa, Vealumun
The words, teshuqah “desire” and mashal “rule” in Genesis 3:16 have been subjected to various interpretations. A lot of exegetical investigations conclude that the judgment statement in the text suggests a creation order; while many intertextual analyses give it a sexual connotation. Quite clearly, the man and the woman were to procreate even before the Fall (Gen 1:28). But did the Bible specify who had the greater sexual desire that may have changed after the Fall? Also, it is true that the man and the woman were created sequentially and functionally different. If this (supposed) implicit order was reiterated at the Fall, how can it be reconciled with God’s own statement of protasis and apodosis – “Because you have done this” (Gen 3:14-17, NKJV)? This research sought an explanation of Genesis 3:16. It investigated whether in the context of this judgment oracle the Lord simply affirms the creation order; or whether it includes an emotional and/or economic reliance by the woman on her husband; or whether the judgment statement marked the introduction and/or described the unfolding of what was hitherto unknown. The Historical-Grammatical Method was used for this research as opposed to the Higher-Critical Approach. After a careful examination of “desire” and “rule” in Genesis 3:16, the research revealed that it is a descriptive prescription of the new order of things, of how life will be lived after the Fall—the woman would have a desire to dominate the man, but he will end up ruling her. God originally created man and woman sequentially and functionally different but equal. Therefore, in the context of Genesis 3:16, God did not reiterate an original creation order of male dominance over the female. It also seems a contradiction to see Genesis 3:16 as both a judgment statement and a continuation of the creation order at the same time. In addition, it appears difficult to see in the text that which suggests that as a result of the Fall women exhibit overpowering sexual drives towards their husbands. Genesis 3:16 presents a description of God’s prescription of the relationship between the man and his wife in a sin-distorted world. Consequently, the policy-making body should maintain and uphold the woman’s subjection/submission to the man’s rulership as long as sin and its consequences endure. This may not be safely ignored.
Origin, Development, and Expansion of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya (1906–2022)
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-04) Ngoko, Thomas
This research traces the history and development of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya. It has evaluated the historical backgrounds of Adventist missionaries and their major contributions to the Adventist Church in Western Kenya. Tracing Adventism in this region is significant to the present Adventists and church historians. It is an attempt to document the history of Adventism in Western Kenya, to preserve Adventist heritage within cultural Kenyan identities. This research has provided the historical development of Adventism in Western Kenya and its significance in Kenyan Christianity, filling the methodological and educational gaps in scholarship about the development of Seventh-day Adventism in this region. The research has systematically enumerated how Seventh-day Adventism developed through strategies and methods employed by the Western missionaries. This study has also recorded numerous existential cultural issues in Western Kenya that defeated missionaries. Finally, this research has identified some of the potential church-owned instrumental entities. The method employed in this research is Historical/documentary, which benefits from published and unpublished materials, journal articles, archival material, and oral history. The research is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduced the study, chapter two explained how Adventism is part of Kenyan Christianity, the third chapter evaluated the early stages and prevailing factors of the Adventist movement in Western Kenya, the fourth chapter examined the remarkable developments of Adventism in Western Kenya over the years, chapter five examines the challenges and prospects of Adventism in Western Kenya today, lastly chapter six presented the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of this study. The study concludes that the origin and development of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya were a product of missionary activities by both Western and local missionaries. However, the failure of Western missionaries to understand and embrace an appropriate approach to African culture hindered the development of steadfast church members, and this remains a challenge in this region to this day. This study suggests that examining the Seventh-day Adventist faith through its integration into specific cultural groups, such as the Luos, Kisii, and Luyha, can provide valuable insights. It emphasizes archival research to reevaluate the historical development of Adventism in Kenya.
Nakedness, Shame, and Covering in Genesis 3:1–21: An Exegetical and Theological Study
(Adventist University of Africa, 2023-10) Makuku, Stephen
A surface reading of Genesis 2:25 and Genesis 3:1-21 leaves the reader with a dilemma over the use, understanding of the words, naked, shame and covering/ garment prior and after sin. It further requires an understanding on the nature of nakedness Adam and Eve when they were created against the nakedness that resulted from sin. What nature of covering was fit for this nakedness? Therefore, the exegetical study seeks to investigate the distinctive nature and experience of י ם רוּ מ עֲ with שׁ בּ in Genesis 2:25 and םֹ֥ יֲֵעִּ֔ in Genesis 3:1-21. It will aid to identify the serpent’s nature and his role on the couple’s nakedness in Genesis 3:1-21 and the reason of God’s choice of garment to cover human’s nakedness. The conclusion is that nakedness without shame in Genesis 2:25 י ם רוּ מ עֲ and שׁ בּ meant that Adam and Eve were created perfect in the image of God, wise, honourable, undefeated, not humiliated before each other, before God and before the enemy. The word םֹ֥ יֲֵעִּ֔ describes sinful condition that has changed Adam’s identity from the image of God to the Satan’s identity. God has provided a restorative garment which mankind could not afford for itself.
A Comparative Analysis of the Apostle John’s Theology of the Incarnate Christ and Contemporary Christological Views (Seventh-day Adventists versus Jehovah’s Witnesses)
(Adventist University of Africa, 2017-03) Simweemba, Nelson Muchindu
Scholars have viewed the doctrine of the Incarnation of Christ differently. Those who argue against the teaching, such as Jehovah’s Witnesses (JWs), emphasize that the Word “Incarnation” is not found in the Bible and that Jesus never claimed to be an incarnate being. On the other hand, those who support the teaching, such as Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs), argue that though the term “Incarnation” is not found in the Bible, the teaching is there, basing their argument primarily on the theology of the Apostle John. These contrasting views prompted the research to be undertaken. The study takes into account John’s theological view as the basis for establishing the biblical stand and thereafter compares the contemporary teachings of the JWs against the SDA Church view. Bible commentaries, lexicons and other syntactical resource materials have been used to establish a balanced and correct understanding of the teaching. According to the JWs, the teaching of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ does not exist and only false religions teach it. They argue that God cannot become a human being, and that Jesus was never God but a spirit creature, the first born of all created beings and for that reason His coming to live among human beings cannot translate to an incarnation. They explain their position using John 1: 1, they translate the “The Word was God” as “The Word was a god”. Their position is not new in the history of Christological debates, which started as far back as the first century A.D. The teaching of Arius was similar. To the contrary, the SDA Church teaches and emphasizes that Jesus is the second person of the Godhead and is the Incarnate Son of God. Their position resonates with teachings of the early Church Councils such as those of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and Constantinople (381 A. D.). The position of the researcher is that Jesus preexisted as God the Son together with God the Father before He was born on earth. The aspect of God becoming flesh is what is known as Incarnation. Accepting and understanding this teaching has a bearing on how one perceives God’s free gift of salvation to humanity. Rejection of the same leads the Bible student to have a wrong concept of God’s plan of salvation for humanity.
Creation of Light in Genesis 1: The Relationship between אוֹר and מְאֹרֹת
(Adventist University of Africa, 2016-08) Dakio, Samson D.
The primary intent of this study was to ascertain the relationship between אוֹר and מְארֹתֹ . To this end, the researcher makes use of a combination of exegesis and text linguistic/pragmatic approaches. The use of such hybrid method finds its justification in the fact that the word-based or sentence-based approach that characterizes biblical studies has shown its limitations. Recent studies have revealed that text linguistics serves exegesis well, even as it offers the researcher new opportunities to analyzing and comprehending problem passages such as Genesis 1:1-2:3 at the text level. A concise review of relevant literature has revealed that in spite of the tremendous scholarly engagement in the Genesis creation account, literary, historical, and linguistic problems still remain. Among these is the challenge of establishing a relationship between אוֹר and מְארֹתֹ . The lack of scholarly consensus seems to stem from the various schools of thought from which the text is examined. Of the eight paragraphs displayed by the linear/formal structure, four have been delved into in order to elucidate the issues involved in the creation of light, and the interplay between אוֹר “light” and מְארֹתֹ “lights/luminaries.” Upon a thorough investigation into the text, a few conclusions—including the following—have emerged: (1) the light (אוֹר ) on the first day was a new divine act of creation and did not emanate from the sun nor from a non-solar astronomical object but, rather a phenomenon that resulted from a divine pronouncement; (2) the use of the surrogate verb עָשָה instead of בָרָא for the creation of the luminaries implies a new divine activity on day 4; (3) the use of אוֹר on day 1 (Gen 1: 3-5) and not מְארֹתֹ reinforces the opinion that the מְארֹתֹ were not yet created; (4) the fact that the מְארֹתֹ are to separate אוֹר “light” from חשֶֹׁךְ “darkness,” and to divide the day (יוֹם ) which equates אוֹר from לָיְלָה “night,” indicates that אוֹר and מְארֹתֹ are not synonymous neither should they be used interchangeably; (5) Both אוֹר and מְארֹתֹ appear to be closely related, but this does not call for any conflation of the two terms. The study therefore argues that אוֹר is both temporal (daytime) and phenomenal (light), while the מְארֹתֹ are physical time markers designed to complement/enhance the phenomenon of אוֹר “light;” (6) the origins of the universe cannot be explained without the supernatural, as science attempts to do; (7) the clash between science and Scripture is occasioned by naturalistic presuppositions undergirding evolution disguised, nowadays, as modern science.
A Study of the Development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Northeast Tanzania (1903–2023)
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-05) Shehemba, Sadikiel Hesron
This research, A Study of the Development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Northeast Tanzania, is aimed at helping people know and understand the historical development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Northeast Tanzania, the major factors that led to its development, the interaction between the Pare and Adventism, the challenges and prospects of Adventism in Northeast Tanzania. This research is useful in determining the contributions of the pioneers and early Adventists in Northeast Tanzania and their influence on the development and stability of the modern church. It is important to discover that their efforts not only stirred the expansion of Adventism in Tanzania but also inspired the development of the nation in education, health, and agriculture. The missionaries and early Adventists worked together as a team, but today racism, segregation, and disunity prevail in the Adventist church. This issue must be addressed and investigated, and find possible solutions to have a better present and future church. The founders of Adventism in Tanzania kept historical sites and artifacts safe for decades, but those who followed them dismantled the buildings that kept them and destroyed the precious equipment that could be helpful for church history. This issue also needs special attention and seriousness. This research will help present and future church historians. This research uses the historical descriptive method, utilizing the available primary and secondary sources such as Seveth-day Adventist Church Archive materials, oral interviews minutes of meetings, and church history books. Few selected resource people are interviewed, especially those who were directly connected to Adventists in the past and those who were involved or participated in some events. Names are mentioned only by permission. Adventism began in America in the 1840s during the Advent Movement, when people expected the coming of Christ, which was followed by the Great Disappointment. After this disappointment, Sabbatarian Adventists read the Bible diligently and discovered where they erred. They organized themselves and later formed the Seventh-day Adventist Church. From America, the Adventist message was taken to Europe, Australia, Africa, and Asia. Adventism was brought to Tanganyika by two German Missionaries Johannes Ehlers and Abraham C. Enns in 1903. They opened a mission station at Giti, Mamba. Adventism in Northeast Tanzania faced several challenges including poor management of health centers, lack of total member involvement, polygyny, nature and retention of members, culture, and some dependent churches The pioneers spread 2 Adventism through social basic needs, schools, agriculture training, and health services. These methods have been proven even today, they work better than public preaching and other evangelism methods. To preserve historical sites and remaining artifacts, I strongly recommend that the Northeast Tanzania Conference take the responsibility of preserving remaining historical materials. The University of Arusha also has an active part to play in church history preservation. The Archives Department of the General Conference of the SDA Church should take serious measures to preserve history. Northeast Tanzania Conference should improve its supervision of schools and health centers so that the current situation can change for better services.
The Relationship Between Biblical Eschatology and Financial Stewardship
(Adventist University of Africa, 2023-08) Maphuzukunotha-Nkonzo, Ruwell
Christian praxis in the area of financial stewardship seems not to have benefitted much from the dynamic imaginative tableaux of biblical eschatology. The connection that exists between eschatology and financial stewardship remains unexplored. This is shown by the observation that Christian authors seem to assume without providing convincing evidence that eschatology and financial stewardship are related. Hence, the question; is there a relationship between biblical eschatology and financial stewardship that can set the believer’s and the church’s work in a proper perspective? Fundamentally, the study preoccupied itself with understanding the liaison that exists between biblical eschatology and financial stewardship. As a philosophical research, the study tracked down different authors that combine eschatology and financial stewardship from the Ante-Nicene Fathers to the present. Lexicons, Bible dictionaries, commentaries and other theological books are used in this research. This study concludes that eschatology has ethical implications on financial stewardship, namely, Accountability (object) and the rewards principle (impetus). Thus, eschatology both provides expectations and incentives to Christian stewards. Jesus revealed that how Christian stewards deal with the wealth entrusted them by God has a bearing on their final destiny.
A Comparative Study of Ezra–Nehemiah and Malachi on Divorce: Exploring Perspectives in Historical and Theological Contexts
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-04) Rwizi, Russel
The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of divorce in the books of Ezra-Nehemiah and Malachi, with a focus on exploring the perspectives within these texts in light of their historical and theological contexts. By examining the textual evidence and analyzing the social and religious background during the respective periods of these books, this study aims to shed light on the complexities of divorce as portrayed in ancient Jewish society. The research method employed in this study involves a careful examination of the relevant passages regarding divorce from the books of Ezra-Nehemiah and Malachi. The analysis includes a comparison of the language, themes, and implications of these passages, highlighting any apparent conflicts or discrepancies. Additionally, this study delves into the historical and theological contexts of these books, considering the cultural norms, religious practices, and sociopolitical circumstances that might have influenced the perspectives on divorce through a comparative approach. This comparative study's findings reveal divergent divorce stances within Ezra-Nehemiah and Malachi. Ezra-Nehemiah viewed the post-exilic marriages to pagan women as rebellious and invalid, recognizing Israel’s history of apostasy through similar intermarriages. Here, divorce was used as an instrument to restore purity, identity, and covenant faithfulness. On the contrary, Malachi criticizes the practice of divorcing one’s wife, emphasizing the unfaithfulness and violation of the covenant that divorce presents. These contrasting messages can be attributed to the differing historical contexts, social and cultural changes, as well as evolving theological understandings during this period. The conclusions drawn from this research highlight the complexities of forming a coherent and consistent position on divorce by examining seemingly contradictory messages within religious texts. Nevertheless, the research emphasized that divorce goes against God’s blueprint and is not sanctioned within His intended framework. Instead, God’s ideal for marriage is an everlasting dedication demonstrated through a solemn promise made before Him. Although divorce is not part of God’s plan, it is an unfortunate occurrence in human existence that cannot be disregarded. Thus, it should be acknowledged as a backdrop in which God persists in actively pursuing His redemptive objectives. Therefore, this study contributes to the scholarships on biblical texts elucidating the multi-layered nature of ancient Jewish attitudes towards divorce and provides a foundation for further research and discussion on this topic.
Born Eunuch: An Interpretation of Matthew 19:12
(Adventist University of Africa, 2016-08) Oluseun Abel Akinpelu
In three passages of the synoptic gospels of Matthew 19:3-12, Mark 10:2-12 and Luke 16:18, Christ responded to the issue of divorce in marriage by validating the no-divorce-in-marriage principle, as well as calling marrying another person adultery. It was only in Matthew 19:10-12 that the disciples, in response to Christ’s discussion with the people, made rather cynical suggestive comments about the needfulness of marriage. Jesus’ statement about the three categories of eunuchs required further elaboration—which this research work provided—rather than a generalized answer to the disciples’ concerns. There are three Greek expressions within the context of the three categories of eunuchs in Matthew 19:12— ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς ἐγεννήθησαν, εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων and εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς διὰ τὴν βασιλείαν –which required in depth study. This research helped in validating the fact that Jesus affirmed the idealness of marriage and that the expressions used by Jesus in the eunuch-statement in Matthew 19:12 were literal expressions in a rhetorical way, especially those who are eunuchs from their mothers’ womb. The methodology applied in unraveling the difficulties in the text had to be solved through the process of exegesis. This involved the use of syntactical analysis of the various phrasal expressions in the text. A lexical discussion of the major terms in the text as well provided opening to the meaning of the passage. The works of scholars who provided their insights through commentaries and scholarly articles complimented primary sources, which included the Greek New Testament (Fourth Revised Edition) and other English versions. This work provides a basis to understand that Jesus affirms marriage as ordained by heaven. However, in Matthew 19:12, Jesus provides an exemption for those who could not contract a marital relationship basically because of impotence, defects and withdrawal often exhibited towards sexual or marital relationships. All these were the results of been born with these conditions. In conclusion, the implication on the church is the understanding that not all persons could get married because they came into existence just that way—not because they willed themselves to be or were influenced by their parents—and may not be forced into any conjugal relationship. Their state of singleness should rather be used to the greatest possible advantage of the kingdom and the blessings of humanity.
The Verb Form of the Imperatival Construction “δότε αὐτῷ δόξαν” in Revelation 14:7: A Verbal Aspect Theory and Systemic-Functional Linguistic Approach
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-04) Mpofu, Obvious Bukhos
The study presents an examination of the semantic value in the verb form within the imperatival construction “δότε αὐτῷ δόξαν” in Revelation 14:7, employing Verbal Aspect Theory and a Systemic Functional Linguistic approach. Traditional grammatical methodologies that attribute temporal and aktionsart values to the Greek verb forms, leading to temporal interpretations of the aorist imperative in question are scrutinised. One perspective suggests an ingressive notion, applying the phrase to non-believers undergoing repentance to begin giving glory to God. Others propose an eschatological meaning of the imperatival construction where individuals will be compelled to glorify God post-probation. While some viewpoints interpret giving glory to God as a lifestyle, they base their arguments on theological ideas and lack linguistic evidence. The study contends that contemporary understanding emphasising the depiction of aspect as the semantic value in Greek verb forms aligns more cohesively with the text. Time and aktionsart are pragmatic implicatures within verb tenses, and are determined by contextual factors rather than a fixed grammatical feature of Greek verb forms. A careful analysis, integrating verbal aspect and systemic functional examination through the three metafunctions of language, reveals the semantic value of the verb form in “δότε αὐτῷ δόξαν” as perfective, portraying the action as complete. This imperative is a volitional directive, conveying a strong command summarising God’s eternal intentions toward His creation. This is the semantic value of the aorist imperative, as depicted by the ideational metafunction. At the pragmatic level, contextual analysis through the interpersonal and textual metafunctions underscores a gnomic aktionsart, characterising the action as urgent, perpetually true, timeless, and universally relevant. Consequently, glorifying God is positioned as an experiential lifestyle encompassing physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions across present and eternal realms rather than a past occurrence or a future eschatological event.

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