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Female Hebrew slavery in the Covenant Code
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-03) Yangman Avom Armand Arnaud
The Covenant code, delivered to the Israelites post their liberation from Egypt, encompasses legal directives addressing societal, moral, and religious facets. Exodus 21:10 mandates protection for female marriage servants with food, clothing, and ambiguous "marital rights." Scholarly debate centers on the term hn"[o, traditionally interpreted as sexual intercourse. This thesis challenges this view, proposing "shelter" as an alternative, informed by Ancient Egyptian customs. Through syntactical and historical analysis, it delves into Exodus 21:7-11's context, emphasizing the Egyptian slavery backdrop. This sheds light on hn"[o‘s original intent. The Covenant Code's broader theological implications, advocating for justice and dignity, are examined. This research offers a nuanced understanding of biblical law's socio-cultural context, enhancing comprehension of marital and servitude dynamics in ancient Israel.
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A strategy to empower the Seventh-day Adventist staff in Djibouti Adventist Health Centre to reach Muslims in Djibouti City, Djibouti
(Adventist University of Africa, 2017-06) Bahiru Woldegebreal
This study was intended to empower the staff in Djibouti Adventist health Center to reach Muslims through the health message. The Researcher used a base-line survey in order to find out the strength and the weakness of the health center. Christ’s methods to win souls were adapted – healing, preaching and showing sympathy. This won the confidence of the community. The result showed that there was no substantial regular training to equip the Adventist staff to reach Muslims. The Researcher used seminars to equip the Adventist staff. After the evaluation, they testified that they were better equipped to embark on Muslim outreach due to improved knowledge and skills. They, in turn, conducted two seminars to the non-Adventist staff and to the community. After practicing their improved skills and approach, most of the community decided for health reform. The relationship between the Muslim staff and the community was improved and there was a more positive attitude prevailing among the Muslim staff, Adventist staff and the community. The Researcher recommended that regular training of the staff would sustain the gains of this study in order to reach Muslims for Christ. The study also recommends that higher organization closely makes sure that, prior to their appointment, individuals appointed to such Muslim dominated area should have the training and skills to reach Muslims. It was further recommended that the appointed medical missionaries have sufficient communication skills to reach the population they are sent to in order to avoid the gaps which become a barrier to their work.
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An Exegetical and Intertextual Analysis of “Desire” and “Rule” in Genesis 3:16
(Adventist University of Africa, 2016-08) Iorkyaa, Vealumun
The words, teshuqah “desire” and mashal “rule” in Genesis 3:16 have been subjected to various interpretations. A lot of exegetical investigations conclude that the judgment statement in the text suggests a creation order; while many intertextual analyses give it a sexual connotation. Quite clearly, the man and the woman were to procreate even before the Fall (Gen 1:28). But did the Bible specify who had the greater sexual desire that may have changed after the Fall? Also, it is true that the man and the woman were created sequentially and functionally different. If this (supposed) implicit order was reiterated at the Fall, how can it be reconciled with God’s own statement of protasis and apodosis – “Because you have done this” (Gen 3:14-17, NKJV)? This research sought an explanation of Genesis 3:16. It investigated whether in the context of this judgment oracle the Lord simply affirms the creation order; or whether it includes an emotional and/or economic reliance by the woman on her husband; or whether the judgment statement marked the introduction and/or described the unfolding of what was hitherto unknown. The Historical-Grammatical Method was used for this research as opposed to the Higher-Critical Approach. After a careful examination of “desire” and “rule” in Genesis 3:16, the research revealed that it is a descriptive prescription of the new order of things, of how life will be lived after the Fall—the woman would have a desire to dominate the man, but he will end up ruling her. God originally created man and woman sequentially and functionally different but equal. Therefore, in the context of Genesis 3:16, God did not reiterate an original creation order of male dominance over the female. It also seems a contradiction to see Genesis 3:16 as both a judgment statement and a continuation of the creation order at the same time. In addition, it appears difficult to see in the text that which suggests that as a result of the Fall women exhibit overpowering sexual drives towards their husbands. Genesis 3:16 presents a description of God’s prescription of the relationship between the man and his wife in a sin-distorted world. Consequently, the policy-making body should maintain and uphold the woman’s subjection/submission to the man’s rulership as long as sin and its consequences endure. This may not be safely ignored.
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Origin, Development, and Expansion of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya (1906–2022)
(Adventist University of Africa, 2024-04) Ngoko, Thomas
This research traces the history and development of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya. It has evaluated the historical backgrounds of Adventist missionaries and their major contributions to the Adventist Church in Western Kenya. Tracing Adventism in this region is significant to the present Adventists and church historians. It is an attempt to document the history of Adventism in Western Kenya, to preserve Adventist heritage within cultural Kenyan identities. This research has provided the historical development of Adventism in Western Kenya and its significance in Kenyan Christianity, filling the methodological and educational gaps in scholarship about the development of Seventh-day Adventism in this region. The research has systematically enumerated how Seventh-day Adventism developed through strategies and methods employed by the Western missionaries. This study has also recorded numerous existential cultural issues in Western Kenya that defeated missionaries. Finally, this research has identified some of the potential church-owned instrumental entities. The method employed in this research is Historical/documentary, which benefits from published and unpublished materials, journal articles, archival material, and oral history. The research is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduced the study, chapter two explained how Adventism is part of Kenyan Christianity, the third chapter evaluated the early stages and prevailing factors of the Adventist movement in Western Kenya, the fourth chapter examined the remarkable developments of Adventism in Western Kenya over the years, chapter five examines the challenges and prospects of Adventism in Western Kenya today, lastly chapter six presented the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of this study. The study concludes that the origin and development of Seventh-day Adventism in Western Kenya were a product of missionary activities by both Western and local missionaries. However, the failure of Western missionaries to understand and embrace an appropriate approach to African culture hindered the development of steadfast church members, and this remains a challenge in this region to this day. This study suggests that examining the Seventh-day Adventist faith through its integration into specific cultural groups, such as the Luos, Kisii, and Luyha, can provide valuable insights. It emphasizes archival research to reevaluate the historical development of Adventism in Kenya.
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Nakedness, Shame, and Covering in Genesis 3:1–21: An Exegetical and Theological Study
(Adventist University of Africa, 2023-10) Makuku, Stephen
A surface reading of Genesis 2:25 and Genesis 3:1-21 leaves the reader with a dilemma over the use, understanding of the words, naked, shame and covering/ garment prior and after sin. It further requires an understanding on the nature of nakedness Adam and Eve when they were created against the nakedness that resulted from sin. What nature of covering was fit for this nakedness? Therefore, the exegetical study seeks to investigate the distinctive nature and experience of י ם רוּ מ עֲ with שׁ בּ in Genesis 2:25 and םֹ֥ יֲֵעִּ֔ in Genesis 3:1-21. It will aid to identify the serpent’s nature and his role on the couple’s nakedness in Genesis 3:1-21 and the reason of God’s choice of garment to cover human’s nakedness. The conclusion is that nakedness without shame in Genesis 2:25 י ם רוּ מ עֲ and שׁ בּ meant that Adam and Eve were created perfect in the image of God, wise, honourable, undefeated, not humiliated before each other, before God and before the enemy. The word םֹ֥ יֲֵעִּ֔ describes sinful condition that has changed Adam’s identity from the image of God to the Satan’s identity. God has provided a restorative garment which mankind could not afford for itself.