MASTER'S LEVEL

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Browsing MASTER'S LEVEL by Subject "Botswana"

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    The effect of employment terms of service on employee retention of selected Seventh-Day Adventist Institutions in Botswana
    (Adventist University of Africa, School of Postgraduate Studies, 2018-04) Mpofu, Gift
    The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between employment terms of service and employee retention, and possible mediating effects of job security, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the relationship between employment terms of service and employee retention in selected Seventh-day Adventist institutions in Botswana. Although contract employees receive gratuities at the end of each contractual period, it appears that contract employees desire to opt out of contract employment to join government civil service. A seven (7) point interval Likert scale self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a population of 215 and a participation of 140 was achieved through a census study. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) through descriptive, and multiple regression analysis methods to establish cross-sectional causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variables with and without mediator models. Results indicated that there is significant effect of employment terms of service on employee retention. Affective and cognitive job satisfaction, and affective and continuance organizational commitment have significant mediating effects on the relationship between employment terms of service and employee retention. However, affective and cognitive job security and normative organisational commitment do not have mediating effects on the relationship between employment terms of service and employee retention. It appears that an assurance of a stable retirement plan is a factor for employee retention. Thus, contact employees express disengagement and a desire to opt out of contract employment to government civil service.
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    Factors associated with overweight/obesity among children of Mogoditshane Adventist School children in Botswana
    (Adventist University of Africa, School of Postgraduate Studies, 2020-05) Mponwane, Mpho
    The epidemic of childhood overweight/obesity, which in the developed world is mainly found in rural areas, has increased the incidence of plaguing cities and towns of the developing world. This is particularly the case in developing nations that are also experiencing nutritional transition, such as Botswana. The hypothesis of this study stated that there is no statistically significant association between demographic profiles/eating behavior/activity habits/parental factors with overweight/obesity status amongst children of the Mogoditshane Adventist School in Botswana. Both the questionnaires for the teachers and the parents were mainly interviewer-administered, although there were instances where some participants took the questionnaire and filled it independently. A certified Tanita scale was used to measure BMI for validity and reliability. Scales were calibrated and checked by the Botswana Bureau of Standards and certified to be appropriate for use in this study. Height measurements for the children were taken by trained measurers with thechildren standing in a standardized position of up straight with their legs and feet together and head vertical for precision. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed. Chi-square was used for testing the socio-demographic variables, as well as the factors, eating behavior, and activity habits for association with overweight/obesity status (BMI z scores). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the independent factors associated with overweight/obesity. Data were collected from 152 parents of children 6-13 years of age to describe the aforementioned factors. Mothers were the majority at 63.6% of the sample. Batswana comprised 81.6 % of the sample. Child male participants were 42.8% while females comprised 57.2%. The children’s weight status was categorized using BMI z scores. 14.5% had BMI z scores > +2SD (Obesity), 19.1% had BMI z scores > +1SD (Overweight), 63.2% had BMI z scores between +1 and -2 (Normal), 2.6% had BMI z scores of <-2 (Underweight), and 0.7% had BMI z scores <-3 (Severe underweight). There was only one statistically significant variable (factor) found to be associated with overweight/obesity: Parental concern for child’s body weight [PV = 0.000; AOR = 4.659 (2.207-9.955)]. Additionally, whether the child eats fast food weekly [PV = 0.007; AOR = 0.207 (0.066-0.649)], whether child eats breakfast in the morning before school [PV = 0.048; AOR = 2.790 (1.008-7.727)], education of participant parent [PV = 0.036; AOR = 0.155 (0.027-0.886)] were the three statistically significant variables (factors) found to be associated with children’s obesity status. Therefore, we failed to reject the null hypothesis. The recommendations of the study show that consideration of the socio-demographics, healthy diet and activity factors is needed in developing child overweight and obesity prevention programs.